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Sludge thermochemical treatment
An introduction to sludge thermochemical treatment methods
Hydrothermal carbonisation
Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) converts sludge predominantly into a carbon-rich hydrochar solid product. The process is conducted at temperatures generally between 180 and 300 °C, with corresponding pressures above 10−88 bar to ensure that the water is maintained in the liquid state. Reaction times ranging between 0.1 and 4h have been employed. The precise conditions of temperature, pressure and time selected depend both on the feed sludge quality and the target yield and characteristics of the hydrochar product.
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Sludge thermochemical treatment − an overview
Thermochemical methods are used for either degrading the sludge solids or pre-treating sludge upstream of anaerobic digestion
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Sludge thermochemical reactor design configurations
Various reactor configurations exist for sludge thermochemical treatment which vary in design, operation and application
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Non-oxidative thermochemical treatment
An introduction to non-oxidative sludge thermochemical treatment methods
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Sludge treatment − hydrothermal processes
Hydrothermal sludge treatment employs elevated temperatures and pressures in wet conditions and in the absence of oxygen
Hydrothermal carbonisation related videos
TerraNova® Ultra Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge
A video to demonstrate the principles of the TerraNova® Ultra Hydrothermal Carbonization of sewage sludge.
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Hydrothermal carbonisation features and blogs
Feature
Co-processing of sewage digestate by hydrothermal carbonisation
Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be used to co-process anaerobic digestion (AD) digestate and lignocellulosic (or plant-based) feedstocks to improve the the hydrochar product quality. This AD waste co-processing route has been studied at bench scale. Read article
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Gasification
Gasification is conversion at very high temperatures in a partial reducing atmosphere to generate a syngas product
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Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is the decomposition of organics at temperatures of 300-1300 °C in the absence of oxygen at atmospheric pressure
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Thermal hydrolysis processes
Hydrothermal processes employ elevated temperatures and pressures in wet conditions and in the absence of oxygen
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Hydrothermal liquefaction
Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge takes place at temperatures of 250–400 °C and pressures above 40 bar
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Hydrothermal gasification
Hydrothermal gasification converts sludge to a hydrogen and/or methane-rich gas stream at temperatures up to ~550 °C
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Thermal destruction - oxidative
Oxidative methods for sludge thermal treatment comprise incineration, wet air oxidation and supercritical water oxidation
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Thermal destruction - non-oxidative
Non-oxidative thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge refers to treatment at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen
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Thickening, dewatering & drying
Thickening, dewatering and drying extract water from sludge to reduce the sludge volume
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Sludge stabilisation
Sludge stabilisation − alkaline stabilisation, lime and solids dosing, plus anaerobic and aerobic digestion
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Sludge quality
Sludge is the main waste stream from the treatment of wastewater