Glossary (C)

Concentrated product from dewatering

Extent to which a filter cake compresses with applied pressure

Latent energy of a material, normally expressed in units of mega-Joules or kWh per unit mass of material

Low-temperature thermochemical treatment in the presence of water and absence of air favouring the formation of hydrochar as the primary product

Diluted (water) stream from centrifugal sludge separation operations

Sludge dewatering by using centrifugal forces to separate solids of higher density than water

Sludge consolidation by using centrifugal forces to separate solids of higher density than water

Reactor configuration used in thermochemical treatment based on a recirculating bed of sand fluidised by upward-flowing air

Disposal through combination with some other waste product(s)

Inorganic/mineral chemical used to carry out coagulation

Aggregation or agglomeration of suspended solids to form larger particles (aggregates or flocs) through destabilisation of the particles using inorganic/mineral chemicals

Particles or macromolecules in the sub-0.1 µm size range

Colloid-like properties

Engines used to generate usable electrical and thermal energy from a heat source

Alternative term for 'incineration'

Aerobic digestion process, based on natural recirculation of air under ambient conditions

Use of chemicals or heat to make sludge more dewaterable or biologically treatable

Dryer using externally-heated surfaces to dry the sludge particles

Increased solids concentration

Reactor design widely used in the activated sludge process where mass transport is promoted evenly throughout the reactor volume by mixing

Dryer using heated air or steam to dry the sludge particles directly

Classical, widely-employed process for aerobic wastewater treatment